{"id":323,"date":"2022-12-24T21:54:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-24T21:54:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/?p=323"},"modified":"2024-01-05T15:17:58","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T15:17:58","slug":"anlayis-ve-bilgiye-tilmactir-dil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/2022\/12\/24\/anlayis-ve-bilgiye-tilmactir-dil\/","title":{"rendered":"Anlay\u0131\u015fla Bilgiye T\u0131lma\u00e7t\u0131r D\u0130L"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00fcrk dillerinde dilma\u00e7 ya da tilma\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fkeleriyle kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz Orta \u00c7a\u011flarda T\u00fcrk boyu olan Pe\u00e7eneklerin a\u011f\u0131z\u0131ndan Slav dillerine, Macarcaya ve sonradan Almancaya ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almanca :                         daha \u00f6nceleri Tolmetsch<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ve ard\u0131ndan Dolmetscher<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rus\u00e7a :                              \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0447<\/em> ( bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok az kullan\u0131lsa da),<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ek\u00e7e :                             tlumo\u010d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Macarca:                          tolm\u00e1cs<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovence\/S\u0131rp\u00e7a :            tolma\u010d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leh\u00e7e:                               t\u0142umacz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Makedonca:                    \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

gibi baz\u0131 Avrupa dillerince \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ J. Nemeth, ZUR GESCHICHTE DES WORTES tolm\u00e1cs ‘DOLMETSCHER’,  Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Vol. 8, No. 1 (1958), pp. 1-8 (8 pages) ]<\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe\u00e7enek T\u00fcrkleri<\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe\u00e7enekler<\/strong> veya Be\u00e7enekler<\/strong>, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti<\/a>\u2018nin sona ermesinden sonra ana yurtlar\u0131 olan Bat\u0131 Sibirya<\/a>\u2018dan, Ural Da\u011flar\u0131<\/a> ve Yenisey Nehri<\/a> aras\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden, k\u00f6kl\u00fc \u015fekilde yerle\u015fip kendilerine yurt ettikleri Koban b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7 edip yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Oradan Kafkaslara<\/a>, (Hazar ve Karadeniz aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeye) ve Do\u011fu Avrupa<\/a> B\u00f6lgelerine ak\u0131nlar ve etkileri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1071 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesinde B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devletine kar\u015f\u0131 Bizans\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sonradan B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklulardan yana olan Pe\u00e7enekler, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n bu sava\u015f\u0131 kazanmalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f<\/a>a ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve Avrupa halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda eriyerek yok olduklar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn pe\u00e7eneklerin var olduklar\u0131n\u0131n izleri yerle\u015fimlerin adlar\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukrayna\u2019da : Pechenaya, Pechenegi, Pechenizhyn, Pechenezhskiy, Pechenki, Pechenya, Pechenyugi ile Pechenyy adl\u0131 sekiz yer,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de : Pe\u00e7ene ve Pe\u00e7enek adl\u0131 yedi yer,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Macaristan\u2019da : Beseny\u0151tanya, Beseny\u0151telek, Beseny\u0151d, Besny\u0151, Besny\u0151major ile Szirmabeseny\u0151 birlikte alt\u0131 yer,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovakya\u2019da : Be\u0161e\u0148ov, Be\u0161e\u0148ov\u00e1, Pe\u010de\u0148ady, Pe\u010de\u0148any ile Pe\u010denice birliktebe\u015f yer,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya\u2019da Pechenegi ile Pecheniki birlikte iki yer,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romanya\u2019da Pecini\u015fca ile Pecineaga birlikte iki yer .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son olarak Moldova Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde Pece\u015ftea adl\u0131 bir yer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Ayr\u0131ca Avusturya’da (1921’e kadar Macaristan’a ait olan Burgenland’da) P\u00f6ttsching’de bir Pecheneg yerle\u015fimine kadar uzanan bir yer var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Becene\/Pe\u00e7enek etnonimin anlam\u0131<\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski kaynaklara g\u00f6re pe\u00e7enek etnonimin anlam\u0131 “Her i\u015fte s\u0131k\u0131 kalan. \u0130yi gayret eder. Becerikli”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Bk: O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131, Necati Demir]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alman T\u00fcrkolog Bang\u2019a g\u00f6re be\u00e7enek bacanak s\u00f6z\u00fcnden evrildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunu olanaks\u0131z g\u00f6ren Ahmet B. Ercilasun<\/em> \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bbBe\u00e7enek<\/em> i\u00e7in kaynaklar\u0131n verdi\u011fi “gayret eden” anlam\u0131yla bir h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131k ismi olan bacanak<\/em> aras\u0131nda semantik bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r ..\u00ab<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm metatezde bulunur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bbTarama S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nde \u00e7ap\u0131nmak “h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket etmek, at\u0131lmak, sald\u0131rmak, s\u00fcratle ko\u015fmak anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu fiilden \u00e7ok bilinen -ak ekiyle *\u00e7ap\u0131nak “h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket eden, s\u00fcratle ko\u015fan” ad\u0131 yap\u0131labilir ve g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc\u015fme sonuncu s\u00f6z pa\u00e7\u0131nak<\/em> h\u00e2line d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Ger\u00e7ekten de “g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck, \u00e7apra\u015f\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k” anlam\u0131ndaki \u00e7apar\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn Tarama S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde pa\u00e7ar\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em> bi\u00e7imi de vard\u0131r. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ A.Ercilasun, O\u011fuz Boy Adlar\u0131n\u0131n Etimolojisi; Dil Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, Say\u0131: 3; 2008 ]<\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe\u00e7eneklerde tulma\u010d ~ talma\u010d  \/ tilma\u00e7<\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n

tulma\u010d ~ talma\u010d  Pe\u00e7eneklerde \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6revle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan sayg\u0131n ki\u015filerdi. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u015f i\u015fleri bakanlara benzer bir d\u00fczeyde ba\u015fka dil konu\u015fan uluslar aras\u0131nda ileti\u015fim kuruyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G.N\u00e9meth\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re tilma\u00e7 Altaylar\u2019da tilbe\u00e7 \/tilbets\/tilbe\u015f; K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u2019da tilme\u00e7; Kazaklar\u2019da tilme\u015f; Kazan Tatarlar\u0131\u2019nda t\u0131lma\u00e7; Pe\u00e7enekler\u2019de tulma\u00e7\/talma\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r. Bu da ses uyumun yayg\u0131n yerde var oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe\u00e7eneklerde toplumsal kurumsalla\u015fma daha derin boyutlar almad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bir askeri seferden \u00f6nce karma\u015f\u0131k diplomatik manevralara giri\u015fmezlerdi. Bozk\u0131rda ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki durumlar askeri hareketlerin daha ince g\u00f6zlemlenmesini ya da bir i\u015fgal s\u0131ras\u0131nda bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131 veya rehber olarak hizmet edebilecek tutsaklar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finden \u00e7a\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k i\u015flerine dilma\u00e7lar devreye sokulurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, Joseph N\u00e9meth ve Karl H. Menges taraf\u0131ndan De administrando imperio<\/em>‘da toplanan adlar\u0131n incelenme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 burada \u00e7ok yararl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fczenledikleri arts\u00fcr\u00fcmsel yeni yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re ilk ba\u015flarda “terc\u00fcman, dragoman” anlam\u0131nda olan tolma\u010d\/talma\u010d olarak Macarca diline ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun ba\u015fka bir izi bug\u00fcn Macaristan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde Tolm\u00e1cs<\/em> adl\u0131 kasabada bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede ‘dil, konu\u015fma’ anlamlar\u0131na gelen til<\/em>‘den geldi\u011fi de \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna ek olarak, bulgular Pe\u00e7eneklerin aras\u0131nda istihbarat eylemlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmesini bilen ve iyi beceren Talmat-Tolma\u010d boyun geli\u015fti\u011fi sav\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. San\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6n koruma olarak da g\u00f6revlendirildiler. \u0130zcilik ve g\u00f6zlemci yoluyla elde edilen bilgiler hem askeri seferlerin hem de basit ya\u011fma bask\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bisans imparatorlu\u011fu hizmetinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bek\u00e7ilerin ad\u0131 toultmatsoi, talmatsion<\/em> oldu\u011fu da belgelendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ J. Nemeth, ZUR GESCHICHTE DES WORTES tolm\u00e1cs ‘DOLMETSCHER’,  Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Vol. 8, No. 1 (1958), pp. 1-8 (8 pages) ]<\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h1>\n\n\n\n

10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bizans \u0130mparatoru Konstantin ‘\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun y\u00f6netimi \u00fczerinde<\/em>‘ adl\u0131 eserinde Pacinakia<\/em>‘n\u0131n sekiz ilini:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdim, Chur, Jula, K\u00fclbej, Karabaj, Tolmac, Kapan, Caban<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beylerin adlar\u0131n\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bajca, K\u00fcel, Kerkutaj, Ina (Ipaosz?), Kajdum, Koszta, Jazi ve Bota<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ve son olarak pe\u00e7enek kaleleri saymaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aspron (beyaz), Tun-kataj, Karakna kataj, Salma-kataj, Saka-kataj, Jaju-kataj, Banamuni, Tejgua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe\u00e7eneklerin baz\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fckleri :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ertim=asil, parlak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

baj=zengin,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

bal-cs\u00e1r=sava\u015f baltas\u0131, boka=bo\u011fa,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

bor\u00f3=gri,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

bula=benekli,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

burlik=kire\u00e7li,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

yabdi=a\u00e7\u0131k, parlak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

yazi=bozk\u0131r,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

yaju=d\u00fc\u015fman,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

jula=Gyula,  – me\u015fale<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kapaja=boynuzlu geyik,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kara-m\u00e1n=karanl\u0131k,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kataj=kale,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kulin=tay,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kurkut=korkulu,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kegen=k\u0131zg\u0131n,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

k\u00fcel=mavi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

k\u00fclbej=haysiyet ad\u0131, Gyula’daki gibi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

k\u00fcre=demircinin ate\u015fi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

k\u00fccs\u00fcg=k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flan,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

orm\u00e1n=orman,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pidlt=yaz\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

szaka=tepe,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

szalma=terk edilmi\u015f,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

szuru=gri,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tolm\u00e1cs=\u00e7evirmen,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tat=yabani,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tem\u00edr=demir,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tivan=\u015fahin,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kabuksin=huysuz,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kara bej= kara bey,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kara-k\u00f6l=kara g\u00f6l,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kopon=yaban domuzu,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

csopon=\u00e7oban,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cs\u00far\/s\u00far\/=haysiyet ad\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ Bencze Mih\u00e1ly, <\/em>Magyar-t\u00f6r\u00f6k testv\u00e9ris\u00e9g (Macar T\u00fcrk Karde\u015fli\u011fi); 2012]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Bu bilgilerle dilma\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131’nda geli\u015fip Slavlar, Almanlar ve T\u00fcrklerin karde\u015fleri olan Macarlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilip tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk Dilinden al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesinle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
10. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Pe\u00e7enek boylar\u0131n yerle\u015ftikleri b\u00f6lgelerin tasar\u0131s\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eski T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda tilma\u00e7l\u0131k\/\u00e7evirmenlik. – Uku\u015fka biligk\u00e4 bu t\u0131lma\u00e7\u0131 til yarutta\u00e7\u0131 \u00e4rni yor\u0131k tilni bil –
\nAnlay\u0131\u015f\u0002 ve bilgiye \u00e7evirmendir dil; ki\u015fiyi ayd\u0131nlatan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r dilin de\u011ferini bil.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,79,80,81,78,77,75,76,82],"tags":[84,85],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=323"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":375,"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323\/revisions\/375"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mublog.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}